Software Engineering Interview Preparation Checklist

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Programming Fundamentals And Core Concepts

Topics

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Types of Errors in ProgrammingGoogle

Syntax vs Runtime vs Logical ErrorsGoogle

Semantic ErrorsGoogle

Exception Handling (try/catch/finally)Google

Checked vs Unchecked Exceptions (Java)Google

Stack TraceGoogle

Data Types, Variables, OperatorsGoogle

Primitive vs Non-primitiveGoogle

Type Conversion vs Type CastingGoogle

Size of data types in C across architectures (16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit)Google

Control StructuresGoogle

Loops: For, While, Do-WhileGoogle

Conditional Statements: if-else, switch-caseGoogle

Jump statements: break, continue, return, gotoGoogle

Functions / MethodsGoogle

Call-by-value vs Call-by-referenceGoogle

RecursionGoogle

Function Overloading vs OverridingGoogle

Static methodsGoogle

Pure functionsGoogle

Arrays and StringsGoogle

Jagged arraysGoogle

String manipulationGoogle

StringBuilder vs StringBuffer (Java)Google

Memory Management in CGoogle

malloc, calloc, realloc, freeGoogle

Dangling pointers, memory leaksGoogle

Pointer arithmeticGoogle

Bit ManipulationGoogle

Bitwise operators (&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>)Google

Bit masking, bitsetsGoogle

Object Oriented Programming

Key Concepts

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Interview Focus

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Design patterns like Singleton, Factory, BuilderGoogle

Real-world scenarios using OOP (e.g., designing a library or payment system)Google

Differences between abstract class and interfaceGoogle

Why multiple inheritance is not allowed in Java but allowed in C++Google

Data Structures And Algorithms

Data Structures

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Data Structure	Applications & Operations	Progress
Array	Storage Matrix ops Rotate Spiral Subarray sums	0/5
String	Text processing Anagram Palindrome Pattern matching	0/4
Stack	DFS Expression evaluation Balanced parentheses Postfix eval	0/4
Queue	BFS Task scheduling Level order traversal	0/3
LinkedList	Dynamic memory Reverse Detect cycle Merge	0/4
Tree	File systems BSTs Traversals LCA Height	0/5
BinarySearchTree	Searching Sorting Validate BST Floor/Ceil	0/4
HeapPriorityQueue	Scheduling Kth largest Median finder Huffman coding	0/4
HashTable	Fast lookup Two sum Counting frequencies	0/3
Graph	Networks Maps Shortest path MST Topo sort	0/5

Algorithms

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Time and Space Complexity

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Big O NotationGoogle

Best/Average/Worst CaseGoogle

Amortized AnalysisGoogle

Depth of trees (balanced vs unbalanced)Google

Operating System

Topics

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Interview Focus

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How OS manages resources during multitaskingGoogle

Explain how a process starts and endsGoogle

What happens when you run a program?Google

Computer Networks

Topics

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Interview Focus

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Explain what happens when you type a URL in browserGoogle

Difference between GET and POSTGoogle

How does a web server work?Google

Describe the TCP three-way handshakeGoogle

D B M S

Topics

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Interview Focus

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Normalization tradeoffsGoogle

Write complex SQL queriesGoogle

Design schema for real-world systemsGoogle

Explain indexing and query optimization strategiesGoogle

Important Formulas And Concepts

Topics

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